Preheat your air fryer to 370°F (188°C) for 3-5 minutes. This ensures your hush puppies start cooking immediately when placed inside.
Mix the dry ingredients in a medium bowl—cornmeal, flour, baking powder, baking soda, salt, sugar, garlic powder, onion powder, and cayenne if using. Whisk thoroughly to ensure even distribution of the leavening agents.
Combine the wet ingredients in a separate bowl—beaten egg, buttermilk, and melted butter. Stir until well incorporated.
Add the diced onion (and any optional add-ins like green onions or jalapeño) to the wet mixture and stir to distribute evenly.
Pour the wet ingredients into the dry ingredients and fold together with a spatula until just combined. Be careful not to overmix—a few small lumps are okay. The batter should be slightly thicker than pancake batter.
Lightly spray the air fryer basket with cooking spray to prevent sticking.
Scoop the batter using a 1-tablespoon cookie scoop or spoon to form small balls, placing them in the air fryer basket with at least 1 inch between each to allow for expansion. Work in batches if needed.
Spray the hush puppies lightly with oil to help achieve that golden-brown exterior.
Air fry for 6-8 minutes until the hush puppies are golden brown and crispy on the outside. You may need to flip them halfway through for even browning, depending on your air fryer model.
Remove carefully using tongs and place on a wire rack to maintain crispiness. Repeat with remaining batter.
Serve immediately while hot and crispy, with your favorite dipping sauce.