Prepare the asparagus by rinsing thoroughly under cold water. Snap or cut off the woody ends (approximately the bottom 1-1.5 inches) where they naturally break when bent.
Pat the asparagus completely dry with paper towels or a clean kitchen towel. Any excess moisture will prevent proper crisping in the air fryer.
Place the trimmed asparagus in a bowl and drizzle with olive oil. Toss gently to coat each spear evenly.
Season with salt, pepper, and minced garlic (if using). Add lemon zest if desired, and toss again to distribute the seasonings.
Preheat your air fryer to 400°F (200°C) for 2 minutes.
Arrange the asparagus in the air fryer basket in a single layer. Don’t overcrowd – work in batches if necessary for even cooking.
Cook for 6-8 minutes, shaking the basket or turning the asparagus halfway through. Thinner spears will need closer to 6 minutes, while thicker spears may need the full 8 minutes.
Check for doneness by testing with a fork – the asparagus should be tender but still have a slight bite.
Transfer to a serving plate immediately to prevent overcooking from residual heat.
Sprinkle with Parmesan cheese if desired and serve with lemon wedges for squeezing over the top.