Preheat your oven to 400°F (200°C). Line your baking sheet with parchment paper or aluminum foil for easier cleanup.
Start with the potatoes and carrots. In a large bowl, toss the halved baby potatoes and carrot chunks with 1 tablespoon of the olive oil, half the Italian seasoning, half the garlic powder, and a sprinkle of salt and pepper. Spread them out on one-third of the baking sheet.
Begin the first bake. Place the sheet pan with just the potatoes and carrots in the oven and bake for 15 minutes. These harder vegetables need a head start.
Meanwhile, prepare the meatloaf mixture. In the same bowl (no need to wash it), combine the ground beef, diced onion, minced garlic, egg, breadcrumbs, ¼ cup ketchup, Worcestershire sauce, thyme, salt, and pepper. Mix gently with your hands until just combined—don't overmix or your meatloaf will be tough.
Shape your meatloaf. Instead of a traditional loaf, form the meat mixture into a rectangular loaf about 8x4 inches. This flatter shape allows it to cook more quickly and evenly alongside the vegetables.
Prepare the remaining vegetables. In the bowl you just used, toss the bell pepper, zucchini, and red onion with the remaining 1 tablespoon of olive oil, Italian seasoning, garlic powder, salt, and pepper.
Add everything to the sheet pan. After the potatoes and carrots have had their 15-minute head start, remove the pan from the oven. Place the shaped meatloaf in the center of the sheet pan. Spread the bell pepper, zucchini, and onion mixture on the remaining third of the pan.
Add the meatloaf topping. Spread the remaining 2-3 tablespoons of ketchup over the top of the meatloaf.
Bake everything together. Return the sheet pan to the oven and bake for an additional 25-30 minutes, or until the meatloaf reaches an internal temperature of 160°F (71°C) and the vegetables are tender and beginning to caramelize.
Rest briefly. Allow the meatloaf to rest for 5 minutes before slicing. This helps it hold together better.
Serve directly from the sheet pan for family-style dining, or portion onto plates for a more formal presentation.