Preheat and prep. Set your oven to 400°F (200°C) and line a rimmed baking sheet with parchment paper or foil if you want to make cleanup even easier. Pat the salmon fillets dry with paper towels – this helps them get a nice finish rather than steaming.
Make the magic butter. In a small microwave-safe bowl, combine butter, minced garlic, lemon juice, lemon zest, half the chopped parsley, and red pepper flakes (if using). Microwave in 20-second intervals until butter is just melted. Stir to combine. Try not to drink this mixture – I know it's tempting.
Prepare the asparagus. Place the trimmed asparagus on the sheet pan and drizzle with olive oil. Season with salt and pepper and toss to coat. Arrange in a single layer, then push them to create spaces for the salmon fillets.
Add the salmon. Place the salmon fillets among the asparagus, skin-side down if your fillets have skin. Season generously with salt and pepper.
Butter everything up. Pour about two-thirds of the garlic butter mixture over the salmon fillets, reserving the rest. Use a spoon to ensure each fillet gets a good coating of buttery goodness.
Roast to perfection. Pop the sheet pan in the preheated oven and roast for 10-15 minutes, depending on the thickness of your salmon. For medium doneness, look for an internal temperature of 125-130°F (52-54°C). The salmon should flake easily with a fork but still have a slightly translucent center.
Finish with more butter. Once out of the oven, drizzle the remaining garlic butter over both the salmon and asparagus. Sprinkle with the remaining fresh parsley.
Serve immediately with lemon wedges on the side for an extra citrus kick. Marvel at how something this delicious came together so quickly.